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Letters and Papers from Prison, by Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Download PDF Letters and Papers from Prison, by Dietrich Bonhoeffer
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From the back cover: When Dietrich Bonhoeffer was executed on a Nazi gallows on April 9, 1945, the world lost more than a brilliant theological mind. His last letters and papers - smuggled from prison and preserved in this volume - show Bonhoeffer to be a human being of extraordinary humility and sweetness of character, a man of courage sustained by Christian faith. The son of a famous German psychiatrist, he was recognized as an accomplished scholar in his early twenties. During the years of Hitler's ascendancy, he taught at Barcelona, New York, Berlin, and London. He was safe from war-torn Europe in 1939 (on an American lecture tour) but his Diary records his decision to return to Germany to minister his own people. Eventually his activities and those of his friends in the Resistance movement resulted in his arrest by the Nazis in April, 1943. His letters enable us to reconstruct the picture of life in a prison cell as it was lived by a man of extraordinary sensitivity. He was taken away to be hanged just after conducting a Sunday worship service for his fellow prisoners. He died at the age of thirty-nine. Cover design by Muriel Nasser
- Sales Rank: #2383792 in Books
- Published on: 1962
- Binding: Mass Market Paperback
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God on the Gallows
By Samuel Romilly
Woe be to the pastors that destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture....
I will raise unto David a righteous branch and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgement and justice in the earth. In his days Judah shall be saved and Israel shall dwell safely in confidence. And his name shall be called: the Lord our Righteousness.
Jeremiah 23.1-6
One of the most haunting and traumatic passages in modern literature is to be found in a slim autobiography - Night - by the Nobel prize winner Elie Wiesel. It is an account of an incident that occurred in his childhood, a childhood spent in the concentration camps. For Elie Wiesel was a Jewish boy born in Nazi Germany. In one of them, Buna, three Jews who had attempted to escape, two men and a boy, were hanged. The other prisoners were forced to watch. The men died quickly. The boy, being lighter, was strangled more slowly,
'Where is God? Where is he' someone behind me asked ... For more then half an hour the boy stayed there, struggling between life and death, dying in slow agony under our eyes. And we had to look him full in the face. He was still alive when I passed in front of him. His tongue was still red, his eyes were not yet glazed. Behind me I heard the same man asking: 'Where is God now?'. And I heard a voice within me answer him: "Where is He? Here he is - He is hanging here on the gallows...'
That was it. For the Jewish boy hanged and for the Jewish boy watching, God died on those gallows and hope was buried for good.
In another concentration camp, Flossenberg, a Christian pastor, theologian and would-be assassin, was waiting for his own execution at the hands of the Nazis. He asked a similar question: 'Who is God?' and gave the answer, 'A crucified Jew'. For the Christian pastor God was to be found on the gallows and Hope was resurrected in the tomb of his prison.
Last Sunday we celebrated the feast of St Amos, the prophet who condemned his own people to terrible destruction for the injustices they had committed. Amos, a prophet walked into the limelight for a few days and then walked out. When he preached against the powers that be in the Royal Chapel itself, he was rebuked by the clergy of the established Church, ignored by the prospering classes, and was left to a fate unknown.
This Sunday, as I warned you, is the Feast of St Dietrich Bonhoeffer, the German pastor - shepherd - and prophet who preached and acted to bring about the destruction of his own country. And today - this very day - is the 53rd anniversary of the failure of the attempt by the German Resistance to assassinate Hitler.
Until very recently this is a feast day little commemorated in Germany, since such men as Bonheoffer - of Schindler - are viewed ambiguously. A Saint to some, a traitor to others.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer was born in 1906 of a well-connected, and intellectual middle class family living in Breslau. A brilliant pupil and student, he rapidly acquired distinction as a writer and teacher of the first rank. His greatest inspiration, and the ground rock of his faith, was the Sermon on the Mount, the ethical teaching of Jesus, and his greatest theological interest was the nature of the Church, and the cost of discipleship. He was an active pastor as much as an academic. Theology had to serve the pastoral ministry. In ordinary times Bonhoeffer would have been a extraordinary man, writer, teacher, intellectual, theologian, pastor. But these were not ordinary times. The spectre of Hitler was looming on the land, and the Church of which B was a pastor was bowing its knee to Baal.
This was not as surprising as it now seems. The Catholic Church was later to come to a reluctant and short-lived accommodation with the Nazis, but the Lutheran's who had flourished under the protection and support of their rulers, seemed to have no qualms. 'The Powers that be are ordained of God!' was one of the biblical passages most quoted. Some Lutherans felt they could not defy Hitler. Others had no wish to do so. These were the so-called German Christians who wholeheartedly welcomed the racist Aryan ideology of the Nazis and incorporated it into their understanding of Christianity. Jesus the Jew, St Paul the Rabbi, and Bonhoeffer the pastor had no place in that Church. Bonhoeffer and a few others broke off to form the Confessing Church. For most this was a way of retaining their Christian integrity, not bowing the knee to Baal. For Bonhoeffer it was the first step into active opposition to a satanic regime. This was merely the beginning of Bonhoeffer's isolation and exile: his was a voice increasingly crying in the wilderness, he was a prophet without honour in his own country, a pastor willing to sacrifice himself for his flock. And his flock included the Jews.
Another victim of the Nazi camps was the former U-Boat commander and Lutheran Pastor, Niemoller, who put the moral cowardice of his church and nation graphically.
First they came for the Jews and I did not speak out -
because I was not a Jew
Then they came for the Communists and I did not speak out -
because I was not a communist.
Then they came for the trade unionists and I did not speak out -
becasue I was not am trade unionist.
Then they came for me -
And there was no one left to speak out for me!
The Confessing Church would not adopt racist ideology, would not deify the Fuhrer, but still closed its eyes to the fact that the Jewish Question was central to the Christian faith at that time, in that place. It was the touchstone of faith or apostasy. Almost 2000 Protestant pastors were killed serving in the armed forces in Hitler's war; only 20 were killed by Hitler for their opposition to it. This Church was no longer Bonhoeffer's home. He was in the cold world with no place to lay his head. He saw with increasing clarity that opposition to Hitler - to the Devil and all his works - was what the Christian Faith was for. He wrote a new confession of faith confessing his won and his church's failure of nerve and of faith.
The Church was silent when it should have cried out because the blood of the innocent was crying aloud to heaven. The Church stood by while violence and wrong were being committed under the cover of the name of Christ. The Church has witnessed the brutal force being applied to countless innocent people, oppression, murder, hatred, and has not raised her voice on behalf fo the victims. She is guilty of the deaths of the weakest and most defenceless brother sof Christ.
The Church has lost its faith.
To this end he aligned himself with those conspiring to murder Hilter. He alied himslef with atheists and humanists in the attempt. He would renounce all privileges, seek no different treatment form the rest. He would use whatever credibility and connections he had in their service. He would lie, deceive, masquerade, camouflage and ultimately kill. Now to be a true patriot was to be a traitor. For the sake of Humanity, Hitler must die.
He has no illusions. It was action too late. Neither he nor the others in the conspiracy had clean hands or pure motives. They had let things go this far. Their action was an act fo repentance and atonement. As conspirators, they would be reduced to behaving with deceit, lying constantly. They would contemplate murder in their heart, their hands would be washed in blood.
What is worse than doing evil is being evil. It is worse for a liar to tell the truth than for a lover of truth to lie.
Cruel times give to cruel necessity. Hitler must be stopped. But he was unstoppable. He led a charmed life. Three times they tried to kill him.
- In February 1943 a bomb (of English design) was placed on Hitler's plane but failed to explode.
- in March he was to inspect an arsenal and the conspirators got hold of his itinerary. Major von Gersdorff strapped two bombs in his coat pocket and was going to detonate them beside Hitler, killing himself in the process. Hitler was late and in a hurry. He stayed only 10 minutes not the half hour forecast.
- the third and last attempt was July 20th 1944 when a bomb was placed in a bag by the leg of table at which Hitler was sitting. It went off, but almost miraculously Hitler survived unscathed.
Bonhoeffer had already been arrested. Now his involvement in assassination came to light. He survived until April 1945, a prisoner in body but not in spirit.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer was executed 50 years ago today. He too returned home to face the music, and to be a traitor for Christ. In the USA where he was visiting, he told Reinhold Niebuhr that Christians in Germany had two choices: either they could pray and work for the defeat of their nation which would thus preserve Christian civilisation or they could actively participate in their country's victory and thus bring about the destruction of that Christian civilisation. He knew which choice he had to make and knew he could not make it from the safety of America. He went home, offered himself as an Army Chaplain, was involved in the plot against Hitler, was triad and condemned for treason, and executed in Flossenberg Concentration Camp.
This great work written in prison is a lasting testament to a noble man, a righteous gentile
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